India gained independence from British rule on August 15, 1947. Since then, the country has undergone significant political, economic, and social transformations. Below is a detailed account of India’s journey after independence.
Political Developments
Partition and Its Aftermath (1947)
India was partitioned into India and Pakistan, leading to massive communal violence and migration of around 15 million people.
The newly independent India faced refugee crises, integration of princely states, and communal tensions.
Framing of the Indian Constitution (1947-1950)
A Constituent Assembly was set up to draft the Constitution of India under the leadership of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
On January 26, 1950, India became a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic.
The Constitution provided universal adult suffrage, fundamental rights, and directive principles of state policy.
Integration of Princely States
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel played a crucial role in merging 562 princely states into the Indian Union.
Junagadh, Hyderabad, and Kashmir were integrated using diplomatic and military means.
First General Elections (1951-52)
India conducted its first general elections under the new Constitution.
Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister of India.
Political Events and Leadership Changes
Jawaharlal Nehru (1947-1964): Focused on economic planning, education, and industrialization.
Lal Bahadur Shastri (1964-1966): Led India during the 1965 Indo-Pak War and introduced the slogan “Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan”.
Indira Gandhi (1966-1977, 1980-1984): Introduced economic reforms, nationalized banks, and led India during the 1971 Indo-Pak War.
Emergency (1975-1977): Imposed by Indira Gandhi, suspending civil liberties.
Rajiv Gandhi (1984-1989): Introduced computerization and economic liberalization.
Economic Liberalization (1991): Under P.V. Narasimha Rao and Dr. Manmohan Singh, India adopted LPG (Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization) reforms.
Coalition Era (1990s-Present): Various governments ruled India, including the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) and National Democratic Alliance (NDA).
Economic Development
Five-Year Plans (1951-2017)
India adopted a planned economy with Five-Year Plans focusing on agriculture, industry, and infrastructure.
The Green Revolution (1960s) made India self-sufficient in food grain production.
The White Revolution (1970s) increased milk production.
Economic Reforms (1991)
Due to an economic crisis, India adopted liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG) policies.
Foreign investments increased, and the private sector flourished.
IT Revolution (1990s-Present)
India emerged as a global IT hub, with companies like Infosys, TCS, and Wipro leading software exports.
Digital India and Startup India initiatives boosted entrepreneurship.
Growth of Infrastructure
Development of highways, railways, metros, and smart cities.
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, Bharatmala, and Sagarmala schemes launched.
Social and Cultural Changes
Education and Literacy
Right to Education Act (2009) made education a fundamental right.
Growth of IITs, IIMs, AIIMS, and universities.
Women Empowerment
Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, Women’s Reservation Bill, and Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (2005).
Women in key positions: Indira Gandhi (PM), Pratibha Patil (President), Droupadi Murmu (President).
Science and Technology
ISRO’s Achievements: Chandrayaan missions, Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission), Gaganyaan (Human Space Mission).
India’s Nuclear Program: Pokhran nuclear tests (1974 & 1998).
Cultural Growth
Bollywood became a global entertainment industry.
Yoga and Ayurveda gained worldwide recognition.
Foreign Policy and Defense
India’s Wars
Indo-Pak War (1947, 1965, 1971, 1999 – Kargil War).
Indo-China War (1962): India suffered defeat.
Surgical Strikes (2016, 2019): Counter-terrorism operations.
India’s Role in Global Affairs
Founding member of NAM (Non-Aligned Movement).
BRICS, G20, QUAD, SCO membership.
India’s Vaccine Diplomacy during COVID-19.
Challenges and the Way Forward
Social Issues
Population Growth: Over 1.4 billion people, creating employment challenges.
Poverty and Inequality: Despite progress, income inequality persists.
Caste and Religious Conflicts: Communal tensions remain a challenge.
Environmental Issues
Deforestation, pollution, and climate change concerns.
India’s initiatives: International Solar Alliance (ISA), Namami Gange, and Swachh Bharat Mission.
Digital India and Future Growth
5G expansion, AI, and Digital Economy.
Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India) to boost domestic manufacturing.
Conclusion
India’s journey after independence has been remarkable, transforming from a newly independent country into a global economic and technological power. While challenges remain, India continues to progress towards a brighter future with a focus on economic growth, innovation, and social justice.
40 important MCQs with answers and short explanations on India After Independence (1947-Present):
1. Who was the first Governor-General of independent India?
a) C. Rajagopalachari
b) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
c) Lord Mountbatten
d) Sardar Patel
➜ Answer: c) Lord Mountbatten
Lord Mountbatten was India’s first Governor-General after independence (1947-1948), succeeded by C. Rajagopalachari.
2. When was the Constitution of India adopted?
a) August 15, 1947
b) January 26, 1950
c) November 26, 1949
d) October 2, 1950
➜ Answer: b) January 26, 1950
The Indian Constitution was adopted on November 26, 1949, and came into effect on January 26, 1950.
3. Who played a crucial role in integrating princely states into India?
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
d) Lal Bahadur Shastri
➜ Answer: c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
As India’s first Home Minister, Patel used diplomacy and force to integrate 562 princely states.
4. In which year did India hold its first general elections?
a) 1947
b) 1949
c) 1951-52
d) 1955
➜ Answer: c) 1951-52
India’s first general elections were held in 1951-52, and Jawaharlal Nehru became the first elected Prime Minister.
5. What was the main reason behind the declaration of Emergency in 1975?
a) Economic Crisis
b) Political Unrest
c) Indo-Pak War
d) Natural Disaster
➜ Answer: b) Political Unrest
Emergency (1975-77) was imposed by Indira Gandhi due to political instability and opposition protests.
6. Who was the first President of India?
a) Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
b) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
c) B.R. Ambedkar
d) C. Rajagopalachari
➜ Answer: b) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Dr. Rajendra Prasad served as India’s first President from 1950 to 1962.
7. Which year marked the liberalization of the Indian economy?
a) 1984
b) 1991
c) 2000
d) 2014
➜ Answer: b) 1991
Under P.V. Narasimha Rao and Dr. Manmohan Singh, India introduced LPG (Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization) reforms.
8. Which Prime Minister is known for the slogan “Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan”?
a) Indira Gandhi
b) Lal Bahadur Shastri
c) Rajiv Gandhi
d) Narendra Modi
➜ Answer: b) Lal Bahadur Shastri
Lal Bahadur Shastri gave this slogan to emphasize the importance of soldiers and farmers.
9. When was the Green Revolution introduced in India?
a) 1950s
b) 1960s
c) 1970s
d) 1980s
➜ Answer: b) 1960s
The Green Revolution helped India achieve self-sufficiency in food grain production.
10. Who is considered the father of the Green Revolution in India?
a) M.S. Swaminathan
b) Verghese Kurien
c) P.C. Mahalanobis
d) Dr. Manmohan Singh
➜ Answer: a) M.S. Swaminathan
M.S. Swaminathan introduced high-yield variety seeds and modern farming techniques.
11. Which sector was the focus of India’s First Five-Year Plan (1951-56)?
a) Industry
b) Agriculture
c) Defense
d) Transport
➜ Answer: b) Agriculture
The First Five-Year Plan prioritized agricultural development to tackle food shortages.
12. In which year was the Goods and Services Tax (GST) implemented in India?
a) 2014
b) 2015
c) 2017
d) 2019
➜ Answer: c) 2017
GST replaced multiple indirect taxes, simplifying India’s tax system.
Social and Cultural Changes
13. When was the Right to Education Act passed?
a) 2005
b) 2009
c) 2012
d) 2016
➜ Answer: b) 2009
The RTE Act made education a fundamental right for children aged 6-14.
14. Which Indian organization launched Chandrayaan-3 in 2023?
a) DRDO
b) ISRO
c) BARC
d) HAL
➜ Answer: b) ISRO
Chandrayaan-3 was India’s successful lunar mission, landing near the Moon’s south pole.
Foreign Policy and Defense
15. When did India conduct its first nuclear test?
a) 1964
b) 1974
c) 1998
d) 2000
➜ Answer: b) 1974
India’s first nuclear test, “Smiling Buddha,” was conducted in Pokhran in 1974.
16. Which country did India fight in the Kargil War (1999)?
a) China
b) Pakistan
c) Sri Lanka
d) Bangladesh
➜ Answer: b) Pakistan
The Kargil War was fought between India and Pakistan over Kashmir.
17. What is the main objective of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan?
a) Women empowerment
b) Digital connectivity
c) Rural sanitation
d) Skill development
➜ Answer: c) Rural sanitation
Launched in 2014, this campaign aimed to eliminate open defecation and improve sanitation.
18. What is Atmanirbhar Bharat?
a) A space mission
b) A self-reliance campaign
c) A military program
d) A foreign policy initiative
➜ Answer: b) A self-reliance campaign
Atmanirbhar Bharat aims to boost domestic manufacturing and reduce dependence on imports.
19. What does Digital India aim to achieve?
a) Encourage farming
b) Promote space exploration
c) Improve internet accessibility
d) Support nuclear energy
➜ Answer: c) Improve internet accessibility
Digital India promotes digital literacy, e-governance, and internet expansion.
- Which event led to the declaration of the Emergency in India in 1975?
a) Indo-Pak War
b) Rise of communism
c) Political unrest and loss of majority in Parliament
d) Economic Crisis
Answer: c) Political unrest and loss of majority in Parliament
Explanation: Indira Gandhi declared a national Emergency in 1975 following political instability and challenges to her rule. - Who was the first woman Prime Minister of India?
a) Sarojini Naidu
b) Indira Gandhi
c) Pratibha Patil
d) Sushma Swaraj
Answer: b) Indira Gandhi
Explanation: Indira Gandhi became the first woman to serve as Prime Minister of India from 1966-1977. - What was the significance of the 1991 economic reforms in India?
a) Introduction of socialism
b) Nationalization of industries
c) Adoption of Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization (LPG) policies
d) Increase in agricultural subsidies
Answer: c) Adoption of Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization (LPG) policies
Explanation: The 1991 economic reforms helped open up the Indian economy and boosted foreign investments. - Which of the following movements made India self-sufficient in food grain production in the 1960s?
a) White Revolution
b) Green Revolution
c) Blue Revolution
d) Yellow Revolution
Answer: b) Green Revolution
Explanation: The Green Revolution introduced high-yielding variety seeds, fertilizers, and better irrigation, making India self-sufficient in food. - Which Indian program aimed to increase milk production in the 1970s?
a) Operation Flood
b) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
c) Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
d) Skill India
Answer: a) Operation Flood
Explanation: Operation Flood (1970s), led by Dr. Verghese Kurien, boosted India’s milk production and made it the largest milk producer globally. - Which sector was prioritized during India’s 5-year plans after independence?
a) Information Technology
b) Agriculture, Industry, and Infrastructure
c) Defence
d) Entertainment
Answer: b) Agriculture, Industry, and Infrastructure
Explanation: The Five-Year Plans focused on modernizing agriculture, industrializing India, and improving infrastructure. - What was the primary aim of the Right to Education Act, 2009?
a) To provide free books to students
b) To make education a fundamental right for children aged 6-14
c) To increase teacher salaries
d) To privatize education
Answer: b) To make education a fundamental right for children aged 6-14
Explanation: The Right to Education Act (2009) made education free and compulsory for children aged 6-14 years. - Which initiative aims to empower and educate the girl child in India?
a) Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
b) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
c) Digital India
d) Make in India
Answer: a) Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
Explanation: Beti Bachao Beti Padhao focuses on improving the education and welfare of girls, while also addressing gender discrimination. - Which of these is a major achievement of ISRO?
a) Developing the Atomic Bomb
b) Chandrayaan missions to the Moon
c) Creation of a national railway network
d) Development of 5G technology
Answer: b) Chandrayaan missions to the Moon
Explanation: ISRO‘s Chandrayaan missions to the Moon were groundbreaking achievements in India’s space exploration program. - What was the objective of India’s first nuclear tests at Pokhran in 1974?
a) Peaceful Nuclear Explosion
b) War with Pakistan
c) Creating a nuclear reactor
d) Developing solar power
Answer: a) Peaceful Nuclear Explosion
Explanation: India conducted its first nuclear test at Pokhran in 1974 under the code name Smiling Buddha to demonstrate peaceful nuclear capabilities. - Which cultural element became globally recognized due to India’s influence in recent decades?
a) Bollywood
b) Traditional architecture
c) Classical dance forms
d) Folk art
Answer: a) Bollywood
Explanation: Bollywood has gained immense global recognition, influencing entertainment worldwide. - Which war between India and Pakistan led to the creation of Bangladesh?
a) 1947 War
b) 1965 War
c) 1971 War
d) Kargil War
Answer: c) 1971 War
Explanation: The 1971 Indo-Pak war led to the creation of Bangladesh after India defeated Pakistan and supported East Pakistan’s independence. - What was the significance of the Kargil War of 1999?
a) It was a civil war in India
b) India faced a major defeat
c) India successfully repulsed an invasion by Pakistan
d) It ended with a ceasefire agreement
Answer: c) India successfully repulsed an invasion by Pakistan
Explanation: The Kargil War of 1999 saw India defending its territory in Kashmir after a Pakistani incursion. - Which global organization did India help to establish in 1991?
a) BRICS
b) G20
c) Non-Aligned Movement
d) United Nations
Answer: b) G20
Explanation: India played an active role in the formation of the G20, a forum of 19 countries and the European Union for economic cooperation. - India’s vaccine diplomacy during the COVID-19 pandemic focused on which key aspect?
a) Selling vaccines to Europe
b) Distributing vaccines to developing countries
c) Expanding domestic production
d) Banning exports of vaccines
Answer: b) Distributing vaccines to developing countries
Explanation: India led the Vaccine Maitri initiative, supplying millions of vaccine doses to countries around the world. - What is the primary challenge posed by India’s population growth?
a) Lack of natural resources
b) Increasing unemployment
c) Rise in political instability
d) Spread of diseases
Answer: b) Increasing unemployment
Explanation: India’s growing population has led to challenges such as unemployment, which impacts the economy and infrastructure. - Which of the following is an initiative to improve sanitation in India?
a) Make in India
b) Clean India Movement
c) Swachh Bharat Mission
d) Green India Mission
Answer: c) Swachh Bharat Mission
Explanation: The Swachh Bharat Mission (Clean India Mission) focuses on improving sanitation facilities and cleanliness across the country. - India’s initiative for green energy and solar power is associated with which project?
a) International Solar Alliance
b) Atmanirbhar Bharat
c) Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
d) Digital India
Answer: a) International Solar Alliance
Explanation: The International Solar Alliance (ISA) is an initiative by India to promote solar energy and address climate change. - What is the focus of the “Atmanirbhar Bharat” initiative?
a) Promoting foreign investments
b) Boosting domestic manufacturing and self-reliance
c) Expanding military defense capabilities
d) Increasing agricultural exports
Answer: b) Boosting domestic manufacturing and self-reliance
Explanation: Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India) aims to make India self-sufficient, reduce dependence on imports, and boost local industries. - Which of the following environmental issues is a major concern for India?
a) Overpopulation
b) Deforestation and pollution
c) Lack of clean water
d) Rise in sea levels
Answer: b) Deforestation and pollution
Explanation: India faces significant environmental challenges, including deforestation, pollution, and the impact of climate change. - What is the future growth focus of India in the next decade?
a) Mining and extraction of natural resources
b) Digital Economy and AI
c) Expansion of military forces
d) Promoting traditional industries
Answer: b) Digital Economy and AI
Explanation: India’s future growth will focus on digital technologies, AI, and fostering a digital economy for inclusive development.
Tribal Society and Festivals of Tripura
Introduction
Tripura, one of the northeastern states of India, is known for its rich tribal heritage, cultural diversity, and vibrant festivals. About 31% of Tripura’s population belongs to Scheduled Tribes, with over 19 indigenous tribal communities living in harmony with nature. These tribes have preserved their distinct traditions, social customs, and festivals, which form an integral part of the state’s cultural identity.
Tribal Society of Tripura
The tribal communities of Tripura have unique lifestyles, traditional governance systems, and social structures that revolve around agriculture, handicrafts, and oral traditions. The major tribal groups in Tripura include:
Major Tribal Communities
Tripuri – The largest tribe, known for their traditional dress Risa and Rikutu.
Reang (Bru) – Known for their bamboo dance and folk music.
Jamatia – Famous for their traditional governance system.
Noatia – Engage in agriculture and bamboo handicrafts.
Chakma – Buddhist community with a rich cultural heritage.
Halam – Sub-tribes known for their unique customs.
Mog – Follows Buddhism and has a strong cultural connection with Myanmar.
Social and Economic Life
Tribes in Tripura mostly live in hill areas, practicing jhum (shifting) cultivation and handicrafts.
Bamboo and cane are widely used in their daily life for making baskets, mats, and homes.
Community Living: Most tribes follow a clan-based society, where elders play an important role in decision-making.
Language: The majority of tribes speak Kokborok, while others have their own dialects.
Major Tribal Festivals of Tripura
Festivals in Tripura reflect the agricultural lifestyle and spiritual beliefs of the indigenous tribes. These festivals are celebrated with traditional dances, music, and rituals.
Kharchi Puja
Significance: A famous Hindu tribal festival dedicated to the 14 deities of Tripura.
When: Celebrated in July every year.
Where: Mainly observed in Old Agartala (Chaturdasha Temple).
Rituals: The deities are worshiped after being bathed in the river, followed by grand celebrations.
Garia Puja
Significance: A harvest festival celebrated to seek blessings from Garia, the deity of prosperity.
When: Celebrated in April after sowing seeds.
Where: Performed in tribal households and villages.
Rituals: Includes sacrificing a fowl, bamboo pole worship, and folk dances like Garia dance.
Ker Puja
Significance: A sacred festival for protection and prosperity.
When: Two weeks after Kharchi Puja.
Where: Performed secretly, especially in the royal palace area.
Rituals: Entire villages are sealed off, and no one is allowed to leave or enter during the puja.
Bizu Festival (Chakma Tribe)
Significance: Celebrated by the Chakma tribe as their New Year festival.
When: Mid-April (similar to Bihu in Assam).
Rituals: Includes Bizu dance, water festival, and community feasting.
Boisabi Festival (Reang, Tripuri & Chakma Tribes)
Significance: A festival similar to Bihu and Sangken, marking the New Year.
When: Mid-April.
Rituals: Includes water splashing, cultural dances, and feasting.
Lampra Puja (Tripuri Tribe)
Significance: Dedicated to Lampra, the Supreme Creator in Tripuri mythology.
When: Celebrated in March.
Rituals: Involves offering prayers, performing traditional dances, and community feasts.
Hojagiri Dance Festival (Reang Tribe)
Significance: Celebrates agriculture and prosperity.
When: During Navaratri in October.
Rituals: Hojagiri dance is performed by women balancing earthen pots on their heads.
Conclusion
The tribal society of Tripura is deeply rooted in tradition, with festivals playing a vital role in preserving their cultural heritage. These festivals not only reflect the social and religious beliefs of the tribes but also showcase their unique art, dance, and music. Today, Tripura’s tribal culture continues to thrive, attracting tourists and researchers from across the world.
40 important multiple-choice questions (MCQs) based on the topic “Tribal Society and Festivals of Tripura,” along with answers and brief explanations:
1. Which of the following tribes is the largest in Tripura?
a) Reang
b) Jamatia
c) Tripuri
d) Chakma
Answer: c) Tripuri
Explanation: The Tripuri tribe is the largest tribal community in Tripura, known for their traditional dress Risa and Rikutu.
2. The Reang (Bru) tribe is known for which traditional cultural aspect?
a) Bamboo dance and folk music
b) Jhum cultivation
c) Ceremonial masks
d) Wood carving
Answer: a) Bamboo dance and folk music
Explanation: The Reang tribe is famous for their bamboo dance and rich folk music.
3. Which tribal community in Tripura is known for its Buddhist heritage?
a) Chakma
b) Tripuri
c) Noatia
d) Mog
Answer: a) Chakma
Explanation: The Chakma tribe is a Buddhist community with a rich cultural heritage.
4. What is the primary occupation of the tribes in Tripura?
a) Hunting
b) Jhum (shifting) cultivation
c) Fishing
d) Textile weaving
Answer: b) Jhum (shifting) cultivation
Explanation: Most tribes in Tripura engage in Jhum cultivation, a form of shifting agriculture.
5. Which of the following languages is spoken by the majority of tribes in Tripura?
a) Bengali
b) Kokborok
c) Hindi
d) Chakma
Answer: b) Kokborok
Explanation: Kokborok is the most widely spoken language among the tribal communities of Tripura.
6. The Kharchi Puja festival is celebrated in honor of which deities?
a) 14 deities of Tripura
b) Lord Shiva
c) Goddess Durga
d) Lord Vishnu
Answer: a) 14 deities of Tripura
Explanation: Kharchi Puja is dedicated to the worship of 14 deities in Tripura.
7. During which month is the Garia Puja celebrated?
a) March
b) July
c) April
d) October
Answer: c) April
Explanation: Garia Puja is celebrated in April, after sowing seeds, to seek blessings from the deity Garia.
8. The Ker Puja is celebrated in which location in Tripura?
a) Tribal households
b) Chaturdasha Temple
c) Royal palace area
d) Community centers
Answer: c) Royal palace area
Explanation: Ker Puja is a sacred festival performed in secret, especially in the royal palace area.
9. Which tribal group celebrates the Bizu Festival?
a) Tripuri
b) Reang
c) Chakma
d) Jamatia
Answer: c) Chakma
Explanation: The Chakma tribe celebrates the Bizu Festival, which is their New Year festival.
10. The Boisabi Festival marks the New Year for which tribes?
a) Reang, Tripuri, and Chakma
b) Noatia, Mog, and Halam
c) Tripuri, Jamatia, and Chakma
d) Reang, Mog, and Noatia
Answer: a) Reang, Tripuri, and Chakma
Explanation: Boisabi Festival is celebrated by the Reang, Tripuri, and Chakma tribes to mark the New Year.
11. What ritual is associated with the Garia Puja festival?
a) Bamboo pole worship
b) Planting rice saplings
c) Animal sacrifice
d) Water splashing
Answer: a) Bamboo pole worship
Explanation: The Garia Puja involves rituals like bamboo pole worship and folk dances like Garia dance.
12. Which tribe performs the Hojagiri Dance during Navaratri?
a) Jamatia
b) Reang
c) Tripuri
d) Chakma
Answer: b) Reang
Explanation: The Reang tribe performs the Hojagiri Dance during the Navaratri festival.
13. The Lampra Puja is dedicated to which deity in Tripuri mythology?
a) Goddess Durga
b) Lampra (the Supreme Creator)
c) Lord Shiva
d) Garia
Answer: b) Lampra (the Supreme Creator)
Explanation: Lampra Puja is dedicated to Lampra, the Supreme Creator in Tripuri mythology.
14. The Bizu Festival is similar to which festival in Assam?
a) Baisakhi
b) Lohri
c) Bihu
d) Makar Sankranti
Answer: c) Bihu
Explanation: The Bizu Festival in Tripura is similar to Bihu in Assam, both marking the New Year.
15. The Hojagiri Dance involves women balancing which items on their heads?
a) Bamboo poles
b) Water pots
c) Earthen pots
d) Wooden trays
Answer: c) Earthen pots
Explanation: The Hojagiri Dance is performed by women balancing earthen pots on their heads.
16. In which month is the Lampra Puja celebrated?
a) February
b) March
c) June
d) October
Answer: b) March
Explanation: Lampra Puja is celebrated in March, dedicated to the Supreme Creator in Tripuri mythology.
17. Which of the following is a prominent social structure in Tripura’s tribal communities?
a) Capitalist society
b) Clan-based society
c) Monarchy
d) Feudal system
Answer: b) Clan-based society
Explanation: The tribes in Tripura primarily follow a clan-based social structure.
18. The Tripuri people are known for their traditional dress, including which items?
a) Risa and Rikutu
b) Dhoti and Kurta
c) Sarong and Sari
d) Lungis and Tunics
Answer: a) Risa and Rikutu
Explanation: The Tripuri tribe is known for their traditional dress, Risa and Rikutu.
19. Which tribe in Tripura is known for their handicraft products made from bamboo and cane?
a) Mog
b) Jamatia
c) Noatia
d) Chakma
Answer: c) Noatia
Explanation: The Noatia tribe in Tripura is known for its bamboo handicrafts.
20. The Ker Puja is primarily celebrated to seek what?
a) Protection and prosperity
b) Wealth and health
c) Victory in war
d) Knowledge and wisdom
Answer: a) Protection and prosperity
Explanation: Ker Puja is performed to seek blessings for protection and prosperity.
21. The Hojagiri Dance Festival celebrates which aspect of life?
a) Harvest
b) Agriculture and prosperity
c) Birth and death
d) Spiritual awakening
Answer: b) Agriculture and prosperity
Explanation: The Hojagiri Dance Festival celebrates agriculture and prosperity in the Reang tribe.
22. Which tribe celebrates the Lampra Puja?
a) Reang
b) Tripuri
c) Mog
d) Noatia
Answer: b) Tripuri
Explanation: Lampra Puja is celebrated by the Tripuri tribe in Tripura.
23. What is the main agricultural activity practiced by the tribes of Tripura?
a) Terrace farming
b) Jhum (shifting) cultivation
c) Paddy cultivation
d) Sericulture
Answer: b) Jhum (shifting) cultivation
Explanation: Jhum cultivation, a form of shifting agriculture, is the primary farming method used by the tribes of Tripura.
24. What type of art forms are commonly found in Tripura’s tribal communities?
a) Pottery
b) Weaving and bamboo crafts
c) Oil painting
d) Metal work
Answer: b) Weaving and bamboo crafts
Explanation: Weaving and bamboo crafts are integral parts of the tribal art forms in Tripura.
25. What is the role of elders in the tribal communities of Tripura?
a) Political leaders
b) Spiritual guides
c) Decision-makers
d) Business owners
Answer: c) Decision-makers
Explanation: Elders in Tripura’s tribal communities play a crucial role in decision-making processes.
26. The Reang tribe is also known as:
a) Mog
b) Bru
c) Chakma
d) Halam
Answer: b) Bru
Explanation: The Reang tribe is also called the Bru tribe.
27. Which of the following tribes follows Buddhism in Tripura?
a) Noatia
b) Tripuri
c) Chakma
d) Jamatia
Answer: c) Chakma
Explanation: The Chakma tribe follows Buddhism.
28. The term “Boisabi” refers to a festival celebrated by which tribes?
a) Reang, Tripuri, and Chakma
b) Mog and Halam
c) Chakma and Jamatia
d) Tripuri and Noatia
Answer: a) Reang, Tripuri, and Chakma
Explanation: Boisabi is celebrated by the Reang, Tripuri, and Chakma tribes as their New Year festival.
29. What is the significance of Garia Puja in Tripura?
a) To celebrate the harvest
b) To mark the beginning of the New Year
c) To seek blessings from Garia, the deity of prosperity
d) To honor the deities of Tripura
Answer: c) To seek blessings from Garia, the deity of prosperity
Explanation: Garia Puja is celebrated to seek blessings from Garia, the deity of prosperity.
30. The Bizu Festival is celebrated with which activity?
a) Water festival and community feasting
b) Animal sacrifice
c) Harvest rituals and bamboo pole worship
d) Dance and water splashing
Answer: a) Water festival and community feasting
Explanation: Bizu Festival includes water festivals and community feasting as part of the celebrations.
31. Which festival involves water splashing and cultural dances?
a) Garia Puja
b) Bizu Festival
c) Ker Puja
d) Lampra Puja
Answer: b) Bizu Festival
Explanation: The Bizu Festival includes water splashing and cultural dances as part of the celebration.
32. Which of these tribes is known for having sub-tribes with unique customs?
a) Reang
b) Halam
c) Noatia
d) Mog
Answer: b) Halam
Explanation: The Halam tribe is known for having sub-tribes with distinct customs.
33. What is the significance of Kharchi Puja in Tripura?
a) Worship of harvest deities
b) Worship of 14 deities of Tripura
c) Celebration of New Year
d) Seeking protection from natural disasters
Answer: b) Worship of 14 deities of Tripura
Explanation: Kharchi Puja is significant for worshipping the 14 deities of Tripura.
34. Which of the following festivals is celebrated by the Tripuri tribe?
a) Hojagiri Dance Festival
b) Bizu Festival
c) Lampra Puja
d) Ker Puja
Answer: c) Lampra Puja
Explanation: Lampra Puja is celebrated by the Tripuri tribe as part of their cultural traditions.
35. The Chakma tribe celebrates which festival as their New Year?
a) Garia Puja
b) Bizu Festival
c) Boisabi Festival
d) Kharchi Puja
Answer: b) Bizu Festival
Explanation: The Chakma tribe celebrates the Bizu Festival as their New Year festival.
36. Which of the following is an important agricultural festival of Tripura?
a) Garia Puja
b) Ker Puja
c) Hojagiri Dance Festival
d) Lampra Puja
Answer: a) Garia Puja
Explanation: Garia Puja is an important agricultural festival celebrated by the tribal communities in Tripura.
37. What is the purpose of the Ker Puja in Tripura’s tribal society?
a) To celebrate harvest
b) To seek protection and prosperity
c) To mark the New Year
d) To honor deities
Answer: b) To seek protection and prosperity
Explanation: The Ker Puja is performed to seek protection and prosperity for the people of Tripura.
38. Which festival involves the worship of the Supreme Creator in Tripuri mythology?
a) Kharchi Puja
b) Bizu Festival
c) Lampra Puja
d) Garia Puja
Answer: c) Lampra Puja
Explanation: Lampra Puja is dedicated to the Supreme Creator in Tripuri mythology.
39. Which of the following is NOT a tribe in Tripura?
a) Tripuri
b) Reang
c) Halam
d) Mizo
Answer: d) Mizo
Explanation: The Mizo tribe is not found in Tripura; they are primarily from Mizoram.
40. The Hojagiri Dance Festival is associated with which specific time of the year?
a) Navaratri
b) Baisakhi
c) Makar Sankranti
d) Diwali
Answer: a) Navaratri
Explanation: The Hojagiri Dance Festival is performed during the Navaratri festival, which occurs in October.
